Biosensor Technologies In Sports : Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions

Biosensor technologies have revolutionized various domains, including sports applications. The use of biosensors forsports applications are aimed at enhancing athlete performance, monitoring health and fitness levels, and preventing injuries. In Malaysia, several research institutions, universities, and sports organisations have been involved in the development and implementation of biosensors for sports. These institutions work on various aspects, including sensor design, data analysis, and integration with wearable devices. One example of biosensor research in Malaysia is the development of wearable sensors for athlete monitoring and performance optimisation. These sensors can measure physiological parameters such as heart rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, and movement patterns. The collected data can be used to assess an athlete's physical condition, track training progress, and tailor training programs to individual needs. Furthermore, In Malaysia, biosensors are also being investigated for use in sports injury prevention and recovery. Biosensors can help identify movement patterns that may result in injuries by monitoring biomechanical data such as joint angles, forces, and muscle activation patterns. They can also give athletes and coaches feedback to help them fix poor technique or posture. The National Sports Institute of Malaysia (ISN) is one of the major sports organisations that implement sports science and technology programmes, such as the usage of biosensors. In order to incorporate biosensor technology into athlete training and monitoring programmes, the ISN works with researchers and sports professionals

Inquiry-based Assessment – Transforming Wonder into Knowledge

Transformative or transformation learning is one of the learning theory which focuses on enhancing the student’s ability to learn by initiating their critical thinking based on new information [1]. Through transformative learning, the educators can create active learning [2], where the students or learners can thrive. There are many approaches to perform transformation learning. As for Digital Signal Processing (DSP) course, an inquiry-based assessment is designed for the students. It is based on real-inquiry-based problems to measure the targeted Learning Outcome (LO). The assessment is initiated and adapted based on the structured inquiry formation to attain the breadth and depth on the specific knowledge and information. This is then supported by the related evidence and facts gathered using and during the investigative processes

An overview of available metamaterial-based antenna for noninvasive hyperthermia cancer treatment

This paper presents the outcome of a literature review that an overview of various types of antenna and metamaterial applicator performance towards cancerous tissue or cell for non-invasive hyperthermia cancer treatment (NIHCT) procedure. From the review, it shows that when LHM lens integrated with an antenna, focusing capabilities of the antenna towards the cancerous area can be improved. However, current applicators have a poor focusing effect when directed towards the actual tumor area. In conjunction with that, this paper proposes a new design of modified applicator that is microstrip antenna integrated with left-handed metamaterial (LHM) lens. The antenna termed microstrip-LHM (M-LHM) lens antenna is proposed for use in NIHCT. It is expected to improve the focusing capabilities of an antenna which is used to kill the cancerous area and thus improve the hyperthermia cancer treatment procedure success rate. In addition, this paper provides an overview of heating techniques used in hyperthermia to enhance focusing capabilities and a few metamaterial advantages that can improve the focusing effect and reduced the hot-spots. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) will be investigated to evaluate the focusing abilities of the proposed applicator using the SEMCAD X Solver

An overview of cancer thermal therapy technology based on different types of antenna exposure

Cancer thermal therapy is a treatment that uses heat generated using Electromagnetic (EM) fields. This treatment, significantly increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment towards cancerous tissue or cell. The main goal of this paper is to provide an overview of previous and present technology on cancer thermal therapy which is based on the application of various types of antenna exposure towards cancerous tissue or cell. The paper also proposes a new antenna design that increases the focusing capability and significantly reduces the skin burn effect through the introduction of metamaterial. In addition, the establishment of an antenna with the integration of Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) will facilitate depth penetration with selective frequencies. The new antenna design is be expected to significantly improve the specific absorption rate (SAR) distributio

Predictive-TOPSIS-based MPPT for PEMFC Featuring Switching Frequency Reduction

A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) using a combination of conventional finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is proposed in this paper. The key idea is to maximize the power generation from a PEMFC while minimizing the switching frequency of the power converter. The FCS-MPC technique is formulated to track the maximum power of PEMFC highly affected by ever-changing internal parameters. Meanwhile, the TOPSIS algorithm is applied to overcome the potential weaknesses of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), which can only withstand a lower switching frequency. In this project, all simulations were run using MATLAB software to display the output power of the PEMFC system. As a result, the proposed predictive-TOPSIS-based MPPT algorithm can track the MPP for various PEMFC parameters within 0.019 s with an excellent accuracy up to 99.11%. The proposed MPPT technique has fast-tracking of the MPP locus, excellent accuracy, and robustness to environmental changes

A REVIEW ON WATER BOLUS STRUCTURE INTEGRATION FOR NON-INVASIVE HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENT

This paper presents a review of hyperthermia on a modified water bolus structure for breast cancer. Hyperthermia is an alternative treatment for cancer, which uses high heat to treat a cancer patient. Because of certain limitations, especially difficult to control focus position distance on the treated tissue has contributed to the low success rate of the treatment. In addition, excessive skin burn problems and adverse health effects on surrounding healthy tissue could occur as a result of high temperature applied on the skin and wide area of unwanted hot spots.Proper design on hyperthermia applicatorcan assist in reducing unwanted hot spots in the vicinity area while improving the focus position distance on the treated tissue, simultaneously. Meanwhile, massive skin burns can be overcome with the addition of water bolus. Based on previous research onwater bolus, various designs have been investigated. However, further research needs to be carried out in order to provide more significant results on different stages of cancer.Therefore, in this research, a water bolus is investigated further by taking into consideration several factors to optimize the function of water bolus as a cooling system. Hence, it may reduce unwanted hot spots, minimize skin burn problem, while maintaining the required focus position distance on the treated tissue during the hyperthermia execution procedure. A deductive and inductive literature review approach is used to determine the research gap of current research on water bolus addition to hyperthermia procedure. A rectangular water bolus structure was used the most in hyperthermia research as it can be modified further, and it has the largest covered area for reducing unwanted hot spots on surrounding healthy tissue. The comparison analysis of different types of water bolus is presented

AN OVERVIEW STUDY OF DUAL-BAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR NON-INVASIVE HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENT

An overview study of dual-band microstrip antenna for non-invasive hyperthermia treatment is presented. This dual-band microstrip antenna is predicted to enhance the hyperthermia treatment for cancer, especially when different sizes of cancers are concerned. Appropriate design and modification of dual-band structures, which to be integrated into a microstrip antenna, are significant to ensure the performance of hyperthermia treatment is obtained with less adverse health effects simultaneously. Based on the previous study, there are various structures to attain dual-band frequency. However, the slot structure is the most suitable to be used and further investigated as this structure has shown acceptable beamwidth distribution patterns and good directivity, which are important parameters for hyperthermia treatment, especially in determining the focus position distance on the treated tissue. Further study on various slot structures for dual-band is then carried out to identify the most suitable slot structures that will be modeled and modified further in SEMCAD X to observe the heating distribution on the treated tissue. A U-slot structure is the most appropriate structure to be integrated with a microstrip antenna. The integration is to produce the modified dual-band microstrip applicator that is predicted to offer improvement to hyperthermia treatment, especially in terms of EM energy focus position distance to cater to different sizes of cancers